Icelandic Wildlife During Winter
Iceland's stunning landscapes and unique geography are a playground for nature enthusiasts and wildlife lovers. From the rugged highlands to the coastal regions, this North Atlantic island offers an array of diverse ecosystems, making it a year-round paradise for animal enthusiasts. In this blog, we'll take you on a journey through the winter season.
Winter Wonderland - December to February:
Arctic Foxes::
Iceland's only native land mammal, the Arctic fox, is a true winter survivor. Their fluffy white fur blends seamlessly with the snowy landscapes, and they're often seen foraging for food during the colder months.
The Arctic fox, found around the Arctic Ocean, is a highly adaptable and resilient species. Its small size, short tail, muzzle, neck, and ears have evolved to minimize heat loss, making it well-suited for the harsh northern climates.
Depending on the season, these foxes can be either white or dark brown, with their fur color changing to match the surroundings. Their diet is opportunistic, encompassing birds, eggs, fish, sea creatures, sheep, mice, dead seals, and reindeer. While they can be found throughout Iceland, a significant population resides in the Westfjords, particularly around the bird cliffs, and they have been protected in Hornstrandir Nature Reserve since 1994.
2. Reindeers:
Reindeers hold the distinction of being the largest wild land mammals in Iceland, but they are not native to the country. Their presence is relatively recent and dates back to the late 18th century when they were imported for experimental purposes.
Despite attempts to domesticate them, the reindeer have been feral since their arrival due to the challenging Icelandic environment. The current population, estimated at 6,000 to 7,000 individuals, is believed to be their descendants and can only be found in East Iceland.
Spotting reindeer in the summer can be more challenging. In winter, they descend from the highlands to graze nearer to human habitation, making them easier to spot. Their fur provides insulation and allows them to adjust their core body temperature according to the environment and they adapt to available food sources during winter by foraging under the snow.
3. Seals:
Iceland's shores host two resident seal species, the harbour seal (Phoca vitulina) and the grey seal (Halichoerus grypus). Additionally, four other species, the harp seal (Phoca groenlandica), bearded seal (Erignathus barbatus), hooded seal (Cystophora cristata), and ringed seal (Phoca hispida), occasionally visit the region.
Along the coast, especially in places like Jökulsárlón and the Westfjords, you can see harbor seals basking on ice floes or diving into the icy waters in search of fish.
Winter is a critical time for harbor seals as they give birth to their pups during this season. Witnessing this heartwarming spectacle is a rare and special occurrence. The fluffy white pups contrast beautifully against the icy surroundings, creating a scene straight out of a nature documentary.
For an immersive experience, consider joining a guided seal-watching tour. Knowledgeable local guides can take you to the most promising locations, share insights about the seals' behavior, and provide an overall educational experience about the marine life in Iceland.
It's crucial to practice responsible wildlife viewing. Maintain a respectful distance, avoid loud noises, and follow any guidelines provided by tour operators or local authorities. Respecting these guidelines ensures the well-being of the seals and preserves their natural behavior.
4. Whales:
In the winter months, Iceland's surrounding waters come alive with the majestic presence of several whale species. One of the most sought-after winter whale sightings is the humpback whale. These gentle giants are known for their acrobatic displays, often breaching and slapping their tails on the water's surface. Humpback whales migrate to Iceland during the winter to take advantage of the rich feeding grounds provided by the cold North Atlantic waters.
Another winter resident in Iceland's waters is the minke whale. Minke whales are smaller in size compared to humpbacks but are still a common sight during winter whale-watching tours. They are known for their speed and agility, making them fascinating to observe as they swim gracefully through the ocean. In addition to humpbacks and minkes, it's possible to spot orcas during the winter months, although they are less predictable in their presence.
5. Horses:
Horses in Iceland play a vital role in the culture, history, and daily life of the nation, even during the challenging winter months. Icelandic horses, a distinct and resilient breed, have adapted superbly to the harsh winter conditions of this North Atlantic island. With their thick double coats, these horses endure freezing temperatures and heavy snowfall, remaining remarkably hardy throughout the season.
Winter often brings additional challenges, including limited daylight hours and treacherous terrain. Yet, these strong and sure-footed horses continue to be an integral part of Icelandic life. They are not just beloved riding companions but are essential for herding livestock and working in remote, snow-covered farms. For locals and visitors alike, the sight of Icelandic horses in the winter landscape is a powerful reminder of the enduring spirit of this remarkable breed and their unwavering connection to the Icelandic way of life.
It's essential to remember that Iceland's wildlife is highly sensitive to human disturbance, so always observe from a respectful distance and follow the country's strict environmental guidelines. Additionally, weather conditions can be unpredictable, so be prepared for changes and plan your wildlife encounters with care.
